江南古鎮(zhèn)：甪直介紹
江南古鎮(zhèn)：甪直
甪直古鎮(zhèn)隸屬蘇州市吳中區(qū)，位于蘇州市東部，西距蘇州城區(qū)18公里，東距上海58公里。甪直歷來(lái)有“五湖之廳”“六澤之沖”之稱。“五湖之廳”是指它南臨澄湖、萬(wàn)千湖、西靠獨(dú)墅湖、金雞湖，北望陽(yáng)澄湖。“六澤之沖”是說(shuō)它有吳淞江、清小港、界浦、張陵港、東塘和大直港六條流道。甪直境內(nèi)水流縱橫，橋梁密布，貼水成街，人家枕河而眠，鎮(zhèn)貌古樸，風(fēng)情幽逸。
甪直，地處蘇州城東南25公里．北夠吳淞江，南臨臨澄湖，西接蘇新工業(yè)園區(qū)，東銜昆山，全鎮(zhèn)面積75平方公里。神州水鄉(xiāng)第一鎮(zhèn)――甪直，這是原全國(guó)人大常委副委員長(zhǎng)費(fèi)孝通對(duì)江蘇省蘇州市甪直的高度評(píng)價(jià)和贊譽(yù)甪直作為神州水鄉(xiāng)古鎮(zhèn)的佼佼者，的確名不虛傳，它具有2500年的文明歷史。特別是她的古老文化，名勝古跡、古橋、古街、古民宅以及具有1300多年歷史的古銀杏樹令人贊嘆不已。 當(dāng)人們來(lái)到甪直，很多人都會(huì)提出這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題，那就是這個(gè)“甪直”究竟是怎么來(lái)的，這里為什么叫甪直據(jù)《甫里志》載：甪直原名為甫里,因鎮(zhèn)西有“甫里塘”而得名。后因鎮(zhèn)東有直港，通向六處，水流形有酷如“甪”字，故改名為“甪直”。又傳古代獨(dú)角神獸“甪端”巡察神州大地路徑甪直，見這里是一塊風(fēng)水寶地，因此就長(zhǎng)期落在甪直，故而甪直有史以來(lái)，沒有戰(zhàn)荒，沒有旱澇災(zāi)害，人們年年豐衣足食。
甪直與蘇州古城同齡，是一座具有2500多年歷史的古鎮(zhèn)，悠久的歷史孕育了古鎮(zhèn)甪直豐富燦爛的文化，是首批中國(guó)歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)之一。水是古鎮(zhèn)的靈魂。甪直地處太湖流域，是水分水析、水系水縈、水抱水環(huán)的澤國(guó)典型，素有“五湖之廳”、“六澤之沖”的美譽(yù)。甪直水秀，橋也美。在古鎮(zhèn)區(qū)5。6公里長(zhǎng)的河道上，歷史上曾橫架著形式多異的江南小橋72座半。有多孔的大石橋、獨(dú)孔的小石橋。寬敞的拱形橋、狹窄的石板橋，雙橋、姐妹橋、鑰匙橋、半步橋等�？芍^“綠浪東西南北水，紅欄七十二半橋”。古鎮(zhèn)依水而建，前街后河，人家枕河而眠。漫步古鎮(zhèn)，領(lǐng)略小鎮(zhèn)風(fēng)光。觀賞古橋駁岸，看看漁船人家，真是別有風(fēng)韻，讓人回味無(wú)窮。
甪直古鎮(zhèn)旅游資源豐富，歷史文物眾多，人文景觀棋布。鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)的千年古剎——保圣寺建于公元503年，是全國(guó)首批重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，寺內(nèi)出自唐代塑圣楊惠之先生畢業(yè)靈性的半堂泥塑羅漢更是國(guó)之瑰寶。“葉圣陶紀(jì)念館”已成為江蘇省愛國(guó)主義教育基地。除些之外，更有萬(wàn)盛米行、沈宅、水鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)具博物館、蕭芳芳演藝館、王韜紀(jì)念館、出土文物館等一大批歷史人文景觀，讓您在充分領(lǐng)略江南水鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)情的同時(shí)。更多的體味小鎮(zhèn)深厚的歷史文化內(nèi)涵。甪直水鄉(xiāng)服飾被譽(yù)為中華服飾文化的奇葩：梳髻髻頭、扎包頭巾、穿拼接衫、拼檔褲、束據(jù)裾裙、著繡花鞋。曾經(jīng)，這是甪直農(nóng)村婦女勞動(dòng)時(shí)的普通裝束。如今，正成為詮釋甪直水鄉(xiāng)特色和水鄉(xiāng)文化的重要符號(hào)，穿著這樣的服飾走在古鎮(zhèn)上。也成了一道別有風(fēng)味的流動(dòng)風(fēng)景。
Luzhi ：
Luzhi Town in Wuzhong District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province
江蘇吳中甪直鎮(zhèn)
The ancient town of Luzhi, in Wuzhong District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, is located in the southeast of Suzhou City, and is 18 kilometers east of the Suzhou urban districts and 58 km west of Shanghai Municipality. The whole town covers an area of 72 square kilometers, while the ancient part of it covers an area of 1.04 sq.km. Outside the town there are scattered lakes, marshes, ponds and pools, earning it such names as “Puli Village on the bank of the Song River,” “the small patch of land surrounded by five lakes” (Chenghu, Wanqian, Jinji, Dushu and Yangcheng lakes),and “the convergence of six rivers” (Wusong, Qingshui, Nantang, Jiepu, Dongtang and Dazhi rivers). This town is well-preserved and typical among the ancient water towns south of the Yangtze River in the Lake Taihu Basin. In 2003, the town was named one of the first batch of Famous Historical and Cultural Towns of China by the Ministry of Housing and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.
甪直古鎮(zhèn)位于江蘇省蘇州市吳中區(qū)，地處蘇州市東南部，西距蘇州城區(qū)18公里，東距上海58公里，全鎮(zhèn)總面積72平方公里，古鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域面積1.04平方公里。鎮(zhèn)外湖、蕩、潭、池星羅棋布，素有“淞江甫里村”、“五湖之汀”（澄湖、萬(wàn)千湖、金雞湖、獨(dú)墅湖、陽(yáng)澄湖）、“六澤之沖”（吳淞江、清水江、南塘江、界浦江、東塘江、大直江）之稱。此鎮(zhèn)是太湖流域保存完好的典型的江南水鄉(xiāng)古鎮(zhèn)。2003年，古鎮(zhèn)被住建部與國(guó)家文物局公布為第一批“中國(guó)歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)”。
Baosheng Temple arhat statues
保圣寺羅漢塑像
Wujun Commandery is said to possess the greatest number of literary records in the nation, and Puli Town is one of Wujun Commandery’s richest repositories of literary records. Luzhi Town was settled by a lot of virtuous and famous people after Lu Guimeng of the Tang dynasty chose to live in seclusion here, becoming known by his pseudonym Master Puli and enjoying a reputation for elegance. As a result, Luzhi Town has a large quantity of cultural heritage sites, rivaling many famous prefectures and great cities.
“吳郡文獻(xiàn)甲海內(nèi)”，甫里文獻(xiàn)在吳郡亦屬佼佼者。以“風(fēng)雅名節(jié)”著稱的唐代甫里先生陸龜蒙在此隱居后，甪直名賢輩出，文物古跡之盛幾可與名州大邑相媲美。
Hall of the Heavenly Kings, Baosheng Temple
保圣寺天王殿
The ancient town of Luzhi has profound cultural heritage, an excellent ecological environment, and numerous cultural heritage sites and monuments. It preserves the unique regional culture and characteristics of traditional life. In particular, its architectural achievements and unique and outstanding urban planning have had a lasting influence. Its placement of streets alongside waterways, and its blending of dynamic and static, exemplify the “solidified music” described by Liang Sicheng.
甪直古鎮(zhèn)文化底蘊(yùn)深厚，生態(tài)環(huán)境極佳，古跡文物眾多，保留著獨(dú)特的地域文化現(xiàn)象和傳統(tǒng)生活特征。特別是其獨(dú)樹一幟的古鎮(zhèn)規(guī)劃格局與建筑藝術(shù)，仍有持久的影響力。“水”與“街”相依，“動(dòng)”與“靜”交融，正如梁思成先生形容的“凝動(dòng)的音樂(lè)”。
It must be emphasized, however, that protection of the ancient town is an urgent task. There used to be eight famous scenes, the so-called Eight Scenes of Puli Town, including “the pond with ducks swimming in the breeze” [yazhao qingfeng 鴨沼清風(fēng)], “the clear springs of Fenshu” [fenshu qingquan 分署清泉], “the freezing billows in the Wusong River” [Wusong xuelang 吳淞雪浪], “the ringing of the bell in Haizang Buddhist Temple” [Haizang zhongsheng 海藏鐘聲], “the pagoda in the sunset” [futu xizhao 浮圖夕照], “the rainbow bridge and the floating moon in the river” [changhong yangyue 長(zhǎng)虹漾月], “the abundant assemblage of fishermen, lotuses and lights at dusk” [yulian dengfu 漁蓮燈阜] and “the market at daybreak on the Xihui River” [Xihui xiaoshi 西匯曉市]. However, only two scenes, “the pond with ducks swimming in the breeze” and “the rainbow bridge and the floating moon in the river,” remain, and these are only faintly visible. The statues of arhats have been properly protected thanks to the effort of Gu Jiegang. Although they were restored by the two famous sculptors Jiang Xiaojian and Hua Tianyou in 1929, one can still find in them the original appeal of ancient art.
但是，古鎮(zhèn)的保護(hù)亦迫在眉睫。著名的甫里八景原有“鴨沼清風(fēng)、分署清泉、吳淞雪浪、海藏鐘聲、浮圖夕照、長(zhǎng)虹漾月、漁蓮燈阜、西匯曉市”，如今只有“鴨沼清風(fēng)”和“長(zhǎng)虹漾月”依稀可見。保圣寺羅漢壁塑則有賴于顧頡剛的呼吁方得到合理保護(hù)，雖經(jīng)1929年著名雕塑家江小鶼、滑田友重新整修，但基本能體現(xiàn)古代藝術(shù)原本的韻味。
Translated by Jinghua Zhu, Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Architecture Design and Research, Hangzhou, China
甪直古鎮(zhèn)隸屬蘇州市吳中區(qū)，位于蘇州市東部，西距蘇州城區(qū)18公里，東距上海58公里。甪直歷來(lái)有“五湖之廳”“六澤之沖”之稱。“五湖之廳”是指它南臨澄湖、萬(wàn)千湖、西靠獨(dú)墅湖、金雞湖，北望陽(yáng)澄湖。“六澤之沖”是說(shuō)它有吳淞江、清小港、界浦、張陵港、東塘和大直港六條流道。甪直境內(nèi)水流縱橫，橋梁密布，貼水成街，人家枕河而眠，鎮(zhèn)貌古樸，風(fēng)情幽逸。
甪直，地處蘇州城東南25公里．北夠吳淞江，南臨臨澄湖，西接蘇新工業(yè)園區(qū)，東銜昆山，全鎮(zhèn)面積75平方公里。神州水鄉(xiāng)第一鎮(zhèn)――甪直，這是原全國(guó)人大常委副委員長(zhǎng)費(fèi)孝通對(duì)江蘇省蘇州市甪直的高度評(píng)價(jià)和贊譽(yù)甪直作為神州水鄉(xiāng)古鎮(zhèn)的佼佼者，的確名不虛傳，它具有2500年的文明歷史。特別是她的古老文化，名勝古跡、古橋、古街、古民宅以及具有1300多年歷史的古銀杏樹令人贊嘆不已。 當(dāng)人們來(lái)到甪直，很多人都會(huì)提出這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題，那就是這個(gè)“甪直”究竟是怎么來(lái)的，這里為什么叫甪直據(jù)《甫里志》載：甪直原名為甫里,因鎮(zhèn)西有“甫里塘”而得名。后因鎮(zhèn)東有直港，通向六處，水流形有酷如“甪”字，故改名為“甪直”。又傳古代獨(dú)角神獸“甪端”巡察神州大地路徑甪直，見這里是一塊風(fēng)水寶地，因此就長(zhǎng)期落在甪直，故而甪直有史以來(lái)，沒有戰(zhàn)荒，沒有旱澇災(zāi)害，人們年年豐衣足食。
甪直與蘇州古城同齡，是一座具有2500多年歷史的古鎮(zhèn)，悠久的歷史孕育了古鎮(zhèn)甪直豐富燦爛的文化，是首批中國(guó)歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)之一。水是古鎮(zhèn)的靈魂。甪直地處太湖流域，是水分水析、水系水縈、水抱水環(huán)的澤國(guó)典型，素有“五湖之廳”、“六澤之沖”的美譽(yù)。甪直水秀，橋也美。在古鎮(zhèn)區(qū)5。6公里長(zhǎng)的河道上，歷史上曾橫架著形式多異的江南小橋72座半。有多孔的大石橋、獨(dú)孔的小石橋。寬敞的拱形橋、狹窄的石板橋，雙橋、姐妹橋、鑰匙橋、半步橋等�？芍^“綠浪東西南北水，紅欄七十二半橋”。古鎮(zhèn)依水而建，前街后河，人家枕河而眠。漫步古鎮(zhèn)，領(lǐng)略小鎮(zhèn)風(fēng)光。觀賞古橋駁岸，看看漁船人家，真是別有風(fēng)韻，讓人回味無(wú)窮。
甪直古鎮(zhèn)旅游資源豐富，歷史文物眾多，人文景觀棋布。鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)的千年古剎——保圣寺建于公元503年，是全國(guó)首批重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，寺內(nèi)出自唐代塑圣楊惠之先生畢業(yè)靈性的半堂泥塑羅漢更是國(guó)之瑰寶。“葉圣陶紀(jì)念館”已成為江蘇省愛國(guó)主義教育基地。除些之外，更有萬(wàn)盛米行、沈宅、水鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)具博物館、蕭芳芳演藝館、王韜紀(jì)念館、出土文物館等一大批歷史人文景觀，讓您在充分領(lǐng)略江南水鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)情的同時(shí)。更多的體味小鎮(zhèn)深厚的歷史文化內(nèi)涵。甪直水鄉(xiāng)服飾被譽(yù)為中華服飾文化的奇葩：梳髻髻頭、扎包頭巾、穿拼接衫、拼檔褲、束據(jù)裾裙、著繡花鞋。曾經(jīng)，這是甪直農(nóng)村婦女勞動(dòng)時(shí)的普通裝束。如今，正成為詮釋甪直水鄉(xiāng)特色和水鄉(xiāng)文化的重要符號(hào)，穿著這樣的服飾走在古鎮(zhèn)上。也成了一道別有風(fēng)味的流動(dòng)風(fēng)景。
Luzhi ：
Luzhi Town in Wuzhong District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province
江蘇吳中甪直鎮(zhèn)
The ancient town of Luzhi, in Wuzhong District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, is located in the southeast of Suzhou City, and is 18 kilometers east of the Suzhou urban districts and 58 km west of Shanghai Municipality. The whole town covers an area of 72 square kilometers, while the ancient part of it covers an area of 1.04 sq.km. Outside the town there are scattered lakes, marshes, ponds and pools, earning it such names as “Puli Village on the bank of the Song River,” “the small patch of land surrounded by five lakes” (Chenghu, Wanqian, Jinji, Dushu and Yangcheng lakes),and “the convergence of six rivers” (Wusong, Qingshui, Nantang, Jiepu, Dongtang and Dazhi rivers). This town is well-preserved and typical among the ancient water towns south of the Yangtze River in the Lake Taihu Basin. In 2003, the town was named one of the first batch of Famous Historical and Cultural Towns of China by the Ministry of Housing and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.
甪直古鎮(zhèn)位于江蘇省蘇州市吳中區(qū)，地處蘇州市東南部，西距蘇州城區(qū)18公里，東距上海58公里，全鎮(zhèn)總面積72平方公里，古鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域面積1.04平方公里。鎮(zhèn)外湖、蕩、潭、池星羅棋布，素有“淞江甫里村”、“五湖之汀”（澄湖、萬(wàn)千湖、金雞湖、獨(dú)墅湖、陽(yáng)澄湖）、“六澤之沖”（吳淞江、清水江、南塘江、界浦江、東塘江、大直江）之稱。此鎮(zhèn)是太湖流域保存完好的典型的江南水鄉(xiāng)古鎮(zhèn)。2003年，古鎮(zhèn)被住建部與國(guó)家文物局公布為第一批“中國(guó)歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)”。
Baosheng Temple arhat statues
保圣寺羅漢塑像
Wujun Commandery is said to possess the greatest number of literary records in the nation, and Puli Town is one of Wujun Commandery’s richest repositories of literary records. Luzhi Town was settled by a lot of virtuous and famous people after Lu Guimeng of the Tang dynasty chose to live in seclusion here, becoming known by his pseudonym Master Puli and enjoying a reputation for elegance. As a result, Luzhi Town has a large quantity of cultural heritage sites, rivaling many famous prefectures and great cities.
“吳郡文獻(xiàn)甲海內(nèi)”，甫里文獻(xiàn)在吳郡亦屬佼佼者。以“風(fēng)雅名節(jié)”著稱的唐代甫里先生陸龜蒙在此隱居后，甪直名賢輩出，文物古跡之盛幾可與名州大邑相媲美。
Hall of the Heavenly Kings, Baosheng Temple
保圣寺天王殿
The ancient town of Luzhi has profound cultural heritage, an excellent ecological environment, and numerous cultural heritage sites and monuments. It preserves the unique regional culture and characteristics of traditional life. In particular, its architectural achievements and unique and outstanding urban planning have had a lasting influence. Its placement of streets alongside waterways, and its blending of dynamic and static, exemplify the “solidified music” described by Liang Sicheng.
甪直古鎮(zhèn)文化底蘊(yùn)深厚，生態(tài)環(huán)境極佳，古跡文物眾多，保留著獨(dú)特的地域文化現(xiàn)象和傳統(tǒng)生活特征。特別是其獨(dú)樹一幟的古鎮(zhèn)規(guī)劃格局與建筑藝術(shù)，仍有持久的影響力。“水”與“街”相依，“動(dòng)”與“靜”交融，正如梁思成先生形容的“凝動(dòng)的音樂(lè)”。
It must be emphasized, however, that protection of the ancient town is an urgent task. There used to be eight famous scenes, the so-called Eight Scenes of Puli Town, including “the pond with ducks swimming in the breeze” [yazhao qingfeng 鴨沼清風(fēng)], “the clear springs of Fenshu” [fenshu qingquan 分署清泉], “the freezing billows in the Wusong River” [Wusong xuelang 吳淞雪浪], “the ringing of the bell in Haizang Buddhist Temple” [Haizang zhongsheng 海藏鐘聲], “the pagoda in the sunset” [futu xizhao 浮圖夕照], “the rainbow bridge and the floating moon in the river” [changhong yangyue 長(zhǎng)虹漾月], “the abundant assemblage of fishermen, lotuses and lights at dusk” [yulian dengfu 漁蓮燈阜] and “the market at daybreak on the Xihui River” [Xihui xiaoshi 西匯曉市]. However, only two scenes, “the pond with ducks swimming in the breeze” and “the rainbow bridge and the floating moon in the river,” remain, and these are only faintly visible. The statues of arhats have been properly protected thanks to the effort of Gu Jiegang. Although they were restored by the two famous sculptors Jiang Xiaojian and Hua Tianyou in 1929, one can still find in them the original appeal of ancient art.
但是，古鎮(zhèn)的保護(hù)亦迫在眉睫。著名的甫里八景原有“鴨沼清風(fēng)、分署清泉、吳淞雪浪、海藏鐘聲、浮圖夕照、長(zhǎng)虹漾月、漁蓮燈阜、西匯曉市”，如今只有“鴨沼清風(fēng)”和“長(zhǎng)虹漾月”依稀可見。保圣寺羅漢壁塑則有賴于顧頡剛的呼吁方得到合理保護(hù)，雖經(jīng)1929年著名雕塑家江小鶼、滑田友重新整修，但基本能體現(xiàn)古代藝術(shù)原本的韻味。
Translated by Jinghua Zhu, Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Architecture Design and Research, Hangzhou, China
